Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; لب شور pelagic-neritic; تغييرات عمق 0 - 142 m (Ref. 96339). Tropical; 31°N - 14°S, 115°W - 76°W (Ref. 189)
Eastern Pacific: San Juanico Bay, northern Gulf of California southward to Callao, Peru and perhaps further south. The record from Santa Margarita Island on the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico is based solely on the now lost type of Stolephorus cultratus.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm 6.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 96339); common length : 8.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 55763); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 26.90 g (Ref. 130775)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 20 - 25. Fairly elongate. Snout long, about 3/4 eye diameter or more; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching almost to gill opening; gill cover canals of panamensis-type; pseudobranch longer than eye diameter, with 30 or more filaments, extending onto inner face of operculum. Anal fin origin under or just behind base of last dorsal fin ray. Silver stripe along flank about eye diameter.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
A schooling species occurring in coastal waters, near shores, entering bays and tolerating some lowering of salinity. Spawns throughout the year, but more intensively in the warmer months. The eggs are oval. The most important tuna baitfish in Manta, Ecuador.
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Spawns more intensively in the warmer months (Ref. 189). Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك; طعمه: usually
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 17.2 - 28.9, mean 25 °C (based on 142 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00234 - 0.01125), b=3.14 (2.97 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (مرجع
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.99, 95% CL = 0.65 - 1.48, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 342 [173, 916] mg/100g; Iron = 2.65 [1.40, 4.89] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [14.9, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.344 [0.159, 0.725] g/100g; Selenium = 75.5 [31.2, 191.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.2 [3.8, 38.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.24 [1.47, 3.43] mg/100g (wet weight);
