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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Istiophoridae (Billfishes)
Etymology: Tetrapturus: Greek, tetra = four + Greek, pteron, fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Albert Pflueger Sr. (d: 1962) was a taxidermist based in Miami who invented a new method of mounting fish specimens, especially large ‘sport’ specimens like tarpon and sailfish. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Robins & deSylva.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển pelagic-oceanic; Ở đại duơng, biển (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43), usually 100 - ? m (Ref. 4770). Subtropical; 44°N - 33°S, 98°W - 17°E (Ref. 43)
Atlantic Ocean: widely distributed in offshore waters, much more densely so in the western than in the eastern Atlantic. Highly migratory species.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 254 cm FL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 40637); common length : 165 cm OT con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 43); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 58.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 50 - 57; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 18 - 21; Động vật có xương sống: 24. Blue-black above, silvery white splattered with brown on the sides, silvery white below; dorsal fins dark blue; pectorals blackish brown, occasionally with tinges of greyish white; pelvic fins blue-black with a black fin membrane; 1st anal fin dark blue with silvery white at base; 2nd anal fin blackish brown.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Oceanic species, chiefly found in offshore waters, usually above the thermocline. Feed mainly on pelagic fishes and squids (Ref. 4770). Females probably spawn once a year (Ref. 4770). Marketed frozen.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Maturation seems to occur at the same time rather than in the same season both in the northern and southern hemisphere, which could be suggestive of homogeneity of the population of this species. Females probably spawn once a year (Ref. 4770).
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: buôn bán nhỏ; cá để chơi: đúng
Các công cụ
Special reports
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Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Tài liệu tham khảo
123201): 14.1 - 23.7, mean 18.2 °C (based on 140 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Tài liệu tham khảo
82804): PD
50 = 0.5630 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00195 - 0.01025), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo
69278): 4.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Assuming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.9 [17.3, 66.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.05 [0.60, 1.83] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.5, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.231 [0.124, 0.428] g/100g; Selenium = 44.6 [22.8, 89.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.4 [1.7, 17.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.250, 0.552] mg/100g (wet weight);
