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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Istiophoridae (Billfishes)
Etymology: Tetrapturus: Greek, tetra = four + Greek, pteron, fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: George Butler Leacock supplied Lowe with the spearfish holotype and “…rendered valuable assistance to the cause of ichthyology of this island [Madeira]… …generally as well as in this instance. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Lowe.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43). Subtropical; 42°N - 29°S, 98°W - 18°E (Ref. 43)
Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea: Positively known only from Madeira, Sicily (Italy), Strait of Gibraltar, and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean off southern Portugal. Can be expected to range widely in the eastern and perhaps central North Atlantic. Central and eastern Atlantic records from Japanese longliner's data need clarification. Highly migratory species.
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 184 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 43); 181.0 cm FL (female); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 21.5 kg (Ref. 43); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 21.5 kg
Further study is strongly needed to clarify the validity of this species. Probably oceanic. Length has been transferred from 'Body length' to FL (* 0.15).
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 14.3 - 19.1, mean 17.1 °C (based on 37 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5630 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00195 - 0.01025), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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