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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / গভীরতার পরিসীমা / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক; স্বাদু পানি; ঈষৎ লোনা রীফ সংশ্লিষ্ট; এ্যামফিড্রমাস (Ref. 55); গভীরতার পরিসীমা 5 - 180 m (Ref. 55), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 42°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W (Ref. 55231)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts south along U.S. coast, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Records from Brazil are based on misidentifications (Ref. 113893). Records from the eastern Atlantic are vagrants (Ref. 10795).
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
পরিপক্কতা : Lm 32.0, range 21 - ? cm
Max length : 89.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 55); common length : 40.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 55); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 20.0 kg (Ref. 4883); সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 21 বৎসর (Ref. 55)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 10; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 13 - 14; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 3; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 7 - 8. Dorsal profile of head slightly concave, snout long and pointed. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Scale rows on back parallel to lateral line anteriorly, but rising obliquely posteriorly, below soft part of dorsal fin. Young specimens with a dark stripe from snout through the eye to upper opercle and a blue stripe on cheek below eye.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults inhabit coastal as well as offshore waters around coral reefs, rocky areas, estuaries, mangrove areas, and sometimes in lower reaches of rivers (especially the young). They are found in fresh water in Florida (Ref. 26938). Often forming large aggregations. Feed mainly at night on small fishes, shrimps, crabs, gastropods, cephalopods and some planktonic items. Easily approached (Ref. 9710). Good food fish (Ref. 9626). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9987). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
Spawning occurs in summer near the time of the full moon.
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31172)
Human uses
মৎস্য: বাণিজ্যিক; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা ; মৎস্যাধার / এ্যাকুয়ারিয়াম : বাণিজ্যিক
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (সূত্র
123201): 20 - 27.5, mean 24.8 °C (based on 137 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (সূত্র
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01334 - 0.01717), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (সূত্র
69278): 4.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.6 (4.8 - 8.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (সূত্র
120179): মাধ্যম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১.৪-৪.৪ বৎসর (K=0.10; tm=2-3; tmax=21).
Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.7 [8.0, 24.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.307 [0.183, 0.560] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.222 [0.132, 0.370] g/100g; Selenium = 36.3 [18.3, 68.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 92.6 [15.6, 438.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.255 [0.181, 0.390] mg/100g (wet weight);
