Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ pelagic-oceanic; ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍໃນສະເພາະມາະຫາສະມຸດ (Ref. 51243); ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 0 - 1830 m (Ref. 86942), usually 0 - 350 m (Ref. 89423). Subtropical; 43°N - 56°S, 20°E - 68°W
Indian and Pacific: tropical and temperate waters. Although some stray individuals are found in the Atlantic Ocean, this species is believed to have its spawning grounds and principal populations only in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Highly migratory species.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 9308); common length : 190 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 9308); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 52.0 kg (Ref. 43)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 0; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 51 - 57; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 18 - 23. Dark blue above, blue splattered with brown on the sides, silvery white below; 1st dorsal fin plain dark blue, other fins brown or dark brown; anal fin bases with tinges of silvery white.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Oceanic and epipelagic, found above the thermocline (Ref. 9308). Feeds on fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans. Also caught as a by-catch of long lines with hooks intended for tuna. Marketed frozen and prepared as fish cakes and sashimi in Japan (Ref. 9308). Also prepared as sausages.
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Spawning is believed to occur mainly during the winter months, especially in warm offshore currents with surface temperature of about 25°C.
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ເປັນການຄ້າໜ້ອຍ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
123201): 13.9 - 28.8, mean 26.2 °C (based on 5116 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5630 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00227 - 0.00920), b=3.21 (3.02 - 3.40), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
69278): 4.5 ±0.76 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Assuming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.6 [15.9, 65.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.56, 2.01] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.3, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.296 [0.155, 0.612] g/100g; Selenium = 69.5 [32.9, 148.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.16 [1.47, 18.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.345 [0.222, 0.536] mg/100g (wet weight);
