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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Pagellus: Diminutive of Latin, pager, derived from Greek, pagros = a fish, Dentex sp. (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; نطاق العمق 150 - 700 m (Ref. 56504), usually 150 - 300 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 65°N - 20°N, 32°W - 37°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway, Strait of Gibraltar to Cape Blanc in Mauritania, Madeira, Canary Islands, and western Mediterranean (rare beyond the Sicilian Strait). Reported from Iceland (Ref. 12462).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 31.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4781); common length : 30.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4781); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 4.0 kg (Ref. 9987); العمر: 15 سنين (Ref. 4645)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 12 - 13; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 11 - 13; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 11 - 12. Black spot above the pectoral fin base. Snout shorter than the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inshore waters above various types of bottom (rocks, sand, mud) to 400 m (Mediterranean) and 700 m (Atlantic); young near the coast, adults on the continental slope specially over muddy bottoms. Omnivorous, but feed mainly on crustaceans, mollusks, worms and small fish. Protandric hermaphrodites, become females at 20-30 cm length. Adults move towards the coast up to the edge of the continental shelf to spawn from January to June (Ref. 3688). Important foodfish. Marketed fresh and frozen; consumed pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9987).
Protandric hermaphrodite species (male during its first sexual maturity). Becomes female between 2 and 7 years of age. Spawns from January to June, depending on latitude. Egg size 1.19 mm, larval length at hatching 3.7 mm. Simultaneous hermaphroditism is also suggested for this species (Ref. 103751).
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 6.9 - 14.9, mean 11.2 °C (based on 160 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00971 - 0.01239), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 4.2 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.5 (6.5 - 9.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 15
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.09-0.1; tmax=15; tm=4-5; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.77, Based on 4 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 41.2 [17.9, 69.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.167 [0.103, 0.268] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.742 [0.486, 1.122] g/100g; Selenium = 47.9 [24.1, 97.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.4 [2.1, 53.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.275 [0.208, 0.378] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
